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Lex Fridman Podcast

Lex Fridman

Conversations that explore technology, history, philosophy, physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry, engineering, AI, robotics, programming, music, film, art, sports, psychology, neuroscience, geopolitics, business, economics, religion, astronomy, and the human condition with people from all walks of life.

Episodes to Learn English 498

#111 – Richard Karp: Algorithms and Computational Complexity

Jul 26, 2020 2h 8m

<p>Richard Karp is a professor at Berkeley and one of the most important figures in the history of theoretical computer science. In 1985, he received the Turing Award for his research in the theory of algorithms, including the development of the Edmonds–Karp algorithm for solving the maximum flow problem on networks, Hopcroft–Karp algorithm for finding maximum cardinality matchings in bipartite graphs, and his landmark paper in complexity theory called “Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems”, in which he proved 21 problems to be NP-complete. This paper was probably the most important catalyst in the explosion of interest in the study of NP-completeness and the P vs NP problem.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors:<br /> – Eight Sleep: <a href="https://eightsleep.com/lex">https://eightsleep.com/lex</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:50 – Geometry<br /> 09:46 – Visualizing an algorithm<br /> 13:00 – A beautiful algorithm<br /> 18:06 – Don Knuth and geeks<br /> 22:06 – Early days of computers<br /> 25:53 – Turing Test<br /> 30:05 – Consciousness<br /> 33:22 – Combinatorial algorithms<br /> 37:42 – Edmonds-Karp algorithm<br /> 40:22 – Algorithmic complexity<br /> 50:25 – P=NP<br /> 54:25 – NP-Complete problems<br /> 1:10:29 – Proving P=NP<br /> 1:12:57 – Stable marriage problem<br /> 1:20:32 – Randomized algorithms<br /> 1:33:23 – Can a hard problem be easy in practice?<br /> 1:43:57 – Open problems in theoretical computer science<br /> 1:46:21 – A strange idea in complexity theory<br /> 1:50:49 – Machine learning<br /> 1:56:26 – Bioinformatics<br /> 2:00:37 – Memory of Richard’s father</p>
#110 – Jitendra Malik: Computer Vision

Jul 21, 2020 1h 42m

<p>Jitendra Malik is a professor at Berkeley and one of the seminal figures in the field of computer vision, the kind before the deep learning revolution, and the kind after. He has been cited over 180,000 times and has mentored many world-class researchers in computer science.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors:<br /> – BetterHelp: <a href="http://betterhelp.com/lex">http://betterhelp.com/lex</a><br /> – ExpressVPN: <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a></p> <p>If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:17 – Computer vision is hard<br /> 10:05 – Tesla Autopilot<br /> 21:20 – Human brain vs computers<br /> 23:14 – The general problem of computer vision<br /> 29:09 – Images vs video in computer vision<br /> 37:47 – Benchmarks in computer vision<br /> 40:06 – Active learning<br /> 45:34 – From pixels to semantics<br /> 52:47 – Semantic segmentation<br /> 57:05 – The three R’s of computer vision<br /> 1:02:52 – End-to-end learning in computer vision<br /> 1:04:24 – 6 lessons we can learn from children<br /> 1:08:36 – Vision and language<br /> 1:12:30 – Turing test<br /> 1:16:17 – Open problems in computer vision<br /> 1:24:49 – AGI<br /> 1:35:47 – Pick the right problem</p>
#109 – Brian Kernighan: UNIX, C, AWK, AMPL, and Go Programming

Jul 18, 2020 1h 44m

<p>Brian Kernighan is a professor of computer science at Princeton University. He co-authored the C Programming Language with Dennis Ritchie (creator of C) and has written a lot of books on programming, computers, and life including the Practice of Programming, the Go Programming Language, his latest UNIX: A History and a Memoir. He co-created AWK, the text processing language used by Linux folks like myself. He co-designed AMPL, an algebraic modeling language for large-scale optimization.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors:<br /> – Eight Sleep: <a href="https://eightsleep.com/lex">https://eightsleep.com/lex</a><br /> – Raycon: <a href="http://buyraycon.com/lex">http://buyraycon.com/lex</a></p> <p>If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 04:24 – UNIX early days<br /> 22:09 – Unix philosophy<br /> 31:54 – Is programming art or science?<br /> 35:18 – AWK<br /> 42:03 – Programming setup<br /> 46:39 – History of programming languages<br /> 52:48 – C programming language<br /> 58:44 – Go language<br /> 1:01:57 – Learning new programming languages<br /> 1:04:57 – Javascript<br /> 1:08:16 – Variety of programming languages<br /> 1:10:30 – AMPL<br /> 1:18:01 – Graph theory<br /> 1:22:20 – AI in 1964<br /> 1:27:50 – Future of AI<br /> 1:29:47 – Moore’s law<br /> 1:32:54 – Computers in our world<br /> 1:40:37 – Life</p>
#108 – Sergey Levine: Robotics and Machine Learning

Jul 14, 2020 1h 38m

<p>Sergey Levine is a professor at Berkeley and a world-class researcher in deep learning, reinforcement learning, robotics, and computer vision, including the development of algorithms for end-to-end training of neural network policies that combine perception and control, scalable algorithms for inverse reinforcement learning, and deep RL algorithms.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> – ExpressVPN: <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:05 – State-of-the-art robots vs humans<br /> 16:13 – Robotics may help us understand intelligence<br /> 22:49 – End-to-end learning in robotics<br /> 27:01 – Canonical problem in robotics<br /> 31:44 – Commonsense reasoning in robotics<br /> 34:41 – Can we solve robotics through learning?<br /> 44:55 – What is reinforcement learning?<br /> 1:06:36 – Tesla Autopilot<br /> 1:08:15 – Simulation in reinforcement learning<br /> 1:13:46 – Can we learn gravity from data?<br /> 1:16:03 – Self-play<br /> 1:17:39 – Reward functions<br /> 1:27:01 – Bitter lesson by Rich Sutton<br /> 1:32:13 – Advice for students interesting in AI<br /> 1:33:55 – Meaning of life</p>
#107 – Peter Singer: Suffering in Humans, Animals, and AI

Jul 8, 2020 1h 10m

<p>Peter Singer is a professor of bioethics at Princeton, best known for his 1975 book Animal Liberation, that makes an ethical case against eating meat. He has written brilliantly from an ethical perspective on extreme poverty, euthanasia, human genetic selection, sports doping, the sale of kidneys, and happiness including in his books Ethics in the Real World and The Life You Can Save. He was a key popularizer of the effective altruism movement and is generally considered one of the most influential philosophers in the world.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> <span style="font-size: 1rem;">– MasterClass: <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></span></p> <p>If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 05:25 – World War II<br /> 09:53 – Suffering<br /> 16:06 – Is everyone capable of evil?<br /> 21:52 – Can robots suffer?<br /> 37:22 – Animal liberation<br /> 40:31 – Question for AI about suffering<br /> 43:32 – Neuralink<br /> 45:11 – Control problem of AI<br /> 51:08 – Utilitarianism<br /> 59:43 – Helping people in poverty<br /> 1:05:15 – Mortality</p>
#106 – Matt Botvinick: Neuroscience, Psychology, and AI at DeepMind

Jul 3, 2020 2h 1m

<p>Matt Botvinick is the Director of Neuroscience Research at DeepMind. He is a brilliant cross-disciplinary mind navigating effortlessly between cognitive psychology, computational neuroscience, and artificial intelligence.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> – The Jordan Harbinger Show: <a href="https://www.jordanharbinger.com/lex">https://www.jordanharbinger.com/lex</a><br /> – Magic Spoon: <a href="https://magicspoon.com/lex">https://magicspoon.com/lex</a> and use code LEX at checkout<span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br /> </span></p> <p>If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:29 – How much of the brain do we understand?<br /> 14:26 – Psychology<br /> 22:53 – The paradox of the human brain<br /> 32:23 – Cognition is a function of the environment<br /> 39:34 – Prefrontal cortex<br /> 53:27 – Information processing in the brain<br /> 1:00:11 – Meta-reinforcement learning<br /> 1:15:18 – Dopamine<br /> 1:19:01 – Neuroscience and AI research<br /> 1:23:37 – Human side of AI<br /> 1:39:56 – Dopamine and reinforcement learning<br /> 1:53:07 – Can we create an AI that a human can love?</p>
#105 – Robert Langer: Edison of Medicine

Jun 30, 2020 1h 3m

<p>Robert Langer is a professor at MIT and one of the most cited researchers in history, specializing in biotechnology fields of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. He has bridged theory and practice by being a key member and driving force in launching many successful biotech companies out of MIT.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> – MasterClass: <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br /> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:07 – Magic and science<br /> 05:34 – Memorable rejection<br /> 08:35 – How to come up with big ideas in science<br /> 13:27 – How to make a new drug<br /> 22:38 – Drug delivery<br /> 28:22 – Tissue engineering<br /> 35:22 – Beautiful idea in bioengineering<br /> 38:16 – Patenting process<br /> 42:21 – What does it take to build a successful startup?<br /> 46:18 – Mentoring students<br /> 50:54 – Funding<br /> 58:08 – Cookies<br /> 59:41 – What are you most proud of?</p>
#104 – David Patterson: Computer Architecture and Data Storage

Jun 27, 2020 1h 50m

<p>David Patterson is a Turing award winner and professor of computer science at Berkeley. He is known for pioneering contributions to RISC processor architecture used by 99% of new chips today and for co-creating RAID storage. The impact that these two lines of research and development have had on our world is immeasurable. He is also one of the great educators of computer science in the world. His book with John Hennessy “Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach” is how I first learned about and was humbled by the inner workings of machines at the lowest level.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> – Jordan Harbinger Show: <a href="https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/">https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br /> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:28 – How have computers changed?<br /> 04:22 – What’s inside a computer?<br /> 10:02 – Layers of abstraction<br /> 13:05 – RISC vs CISC computer architectures<br /> 28:18 – Designing a good instruction set is an art<br /> 31:46 – Measures of performance<br /> 36:02 – RISC instruction set<br /> 39:39 – RISC-V open standard instruction set architecture<br /> 51:12 – Why do ARM implementations vary?<br /> 52:57 – Simple is beautiful in instruction set design<br /> 58:09 – How machine learning changed computers<br /> 1:08:18 – Machine learning benchmarks<br /> 1:16:30 – Quantum computing<br /> 1:19:41 – Moore’s law<br /> 1:28:22 – RAID data storage<br /> 1:36:53 – Teaching<br /> 1:40:59 – Wrestling<br /> 1:45:26 – Meaning of life</p>
#103 – Ben Goertzel: Artificial General Intelligence

Jun 22, 2020 4h 9m

<p>Ben Goertzel is one of the most interesting minds in the artificial intelligence community. He is the founder of SingularityNET, designer of OpenCog AI framework, formerly a director of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Chief Scientist of Hanson Robotics, the company that created the Sophia Robot. He has been a central figure in the AGI community for many years, including in the Conference on Artificial General Intelligence.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> – Jordan Harbinger Show: <a href="https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/">https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/</a><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br /> </span>– MasterClass: <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:20 – Books that inspired you<br /> 06:38 – Are there intelligent beings all around us?<br /> 13:13 – Dostoevsky<br /> 15:56 – Russian roots<br /> 20:19 – When did you fall in love with AI?<br /> 31:30 – Are humans good or evil?<br /> 42:04 – Colonizing mars<br /> 46:53 – Origin of the term AGI<br /> 55:56 – AGI community<br /> 1:12:36 – How to build AGI?<br /> 1:36:47 – OpenCog<br /> 2:25:32 – SingularityNET<br /> 2:49:33 – Sophia<br /> 3:16:02 – Coronavirus<br /> 3:24:14 – Decentralized mechanisms of power<br /> 3:40:16 – Life and death<br /> 3:42:44 – Would you live forever?<br /> 3:50:26 – Meaning of life<br /> 3:58:03 – Hat<br /> 3:58:46 – Question for AGI</p>
#102 – Steven Pressfield: The War of Art

Jun 20, 2020 1h 28m

<p>Steven Pressfield is a historian and author of War of Art, a book that had a big impact on my life and the life of millions of whose passion is to create in art, science, business, sport, and everywhere else. I highly recommend it and others of his books on this topic, including Turning Pro, Do the Work, Nobody Wants to Read Your Shit, and the Warrior Ethos. Also his books Gates of Fire about the Spartans and the battle at Thermopylae, The Lion’s Gate, Tides of War, and others are some of the best historical fiction novels ever written.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> – Jordan Harbinger Show: <a href="https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/">https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/</a><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br /> </span>– Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 05:00 – Nature of war<br /> 11:43 – The struggle within<br /> 17:11 – Love and hate in a time of war<br /> 25:17 – Future of warfare<br /> 28:31 – Technology in war<br /> 30:10 – What it takes to kill a person<br /> 32:22 – Mortality<br /> 37:30 – The muse<br /> 46:09 – Editing<br /> 52:19 – Resistance<br /> 1:10:41 – Loneliness<br /> 1:12:24 – Is a warrior born or trained?<br /> 1:13:53 – Hard work and health<br /> 1:18:41 – Daily ritual</p>
#101 – Joscha Bach: Artificial Consciousness and the Nature of Reality

Jun 13, 2020 3h 1m

<p>Joscha Bach is the VP of Research at the AI Foundation, previously doing research at MIT and Harvard. Joscha work explores the workings of the human mind, intelligence, consciousness, life on Earth, and the possibly-simulated fabric of our universe.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors:<br /> – ExpressVPN at <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br /> </span>– Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:14 – Reverse engineering Joscha Bach<br /> 10:38 – Nature of truth<br /> 18:47 – Original thinking<br /> 23:14 – Sentience vs intelligence<br /> 31:45 – Mind vs Reality<br /> 46:51 – Hard problem of consciousness<br /> 51:09 – Connection between the mind and the universe<br /> 56:29 – What is consciousness<br /> 1:02:32 – Language and concepts<br /> 1:09:02 – Meta-learning<br /> 1:16:35 – Spirit<br /> 1:18:10 – Our civilization may not exist for long<br /> 1:37:48 – Twitter and social media<br /> 1:44:52 – What systems of government might work well?<br /> 1:47:12 – The way out of self-destruction with AI<br /> 1:55:18 – AI simulating humans to understand its own nature<br /> 2:04:32 – Reinforcement learning<br /> 2:09:12 – Commonsense reasoning<br /> 2:15:47 – Would AGI need to have a body?<br /> 2:22:34 – Neuralink<br /> 2:27:01 – Reasoning at the scale of neurons and societies<br /> 2:37:16 – Role of emotion<br /> 2:48:03 – Happiness is a cookie that your brain bakes for itself</p>
#99 – Karl Friston: Neuroscience and the Free Energy Principle

May 28, 2020 1h 29m

<p>Karl Friston is one of the greatest neuroscientists in history, cited over 245,000 times, known for many influential ideas in brain imaging, neuroscience, and theoretical neurobiology, including the fascinating idea of the free-energy principle for action and perception.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Karl’s Website: <a href="https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/">https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/</a><br /> Karl’s Wiki: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_J._Friston">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_J._Friston</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 01:50 – How much of the human brain do we understand?<br /> 05:53 – Most beautiful characteristic of the human brain<br /> 10:43 – Brain imaging<br /> 20:38 – Deep structure<br /> 21:23 – History of brain imaging<br /> 32:31 – Neuralink and brain-computer interfaces<br /> 43:05 – Free energy principle<br /> 1:24:29 – Meaning of life</p>
#97 – Sertac Karaman: Robots That Fly and Robots That Drive

May 20, 2020 1h 23m

<p>Sertac Karaman is a professor at MIT, co-founder of the autonomous vehicle company Optimus Ride, and is one of top roboticists in the world, including robots that drive and robots that fly.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Sertac’s Website: <a href="http://sertac.scripts.mit.edu/web/">http://sertac.scripts.mit.edu/web/</a><br /> Sertac’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/sertackaraman">https://twitter.com/sertackaraman</a><br /> Optimus Ride: <a href="https://www.optimusride.com/">https://www.optimusride.com/</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 01:44 – Autonomous flying vs autonomous driving<br /> 06:37 – Flying cars<br /> 10:27 – Role of simulation in robotics<br /> 17:35 – Game theory and robotics<br /> 24:30 – Autonomous vehicle company strategies<br /> 29:46 – Optimus Ride<br /> 47:08 – Waymo, Tesla, Optimus Ride timelines<br /> 53:22 – Achieving the impossible<br /> 53:50 – Iterative learning<br /> 58:39 – Is Lidar is a crutch?<br /> 1:03:21 – Fast autonomous flight<br /> 1:18:06 – Most beautiful idea in robotics</p>
#96 – Stephen Schwarzman: Going Big in Business, Investing, and AI

May 15, 2020 1h 11m

<p>Stephen Schwarzman is the CEO and Co-Founder of Blackstone, one of the world’s leading investment firms with over 530 billion dollars of assets under management. He is one of the most successful business leaders in history, all from humble beginnings back in Philly. I recommend his recent book called What It Takes that tells stories and lessons from this personal journey.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – ExpressVPN at <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a><br /> – MasterClass: <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> What It Takes (book): <a href="https://amzn.to/2WX9cZu">https://amzn.to/2WX9cZu</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 04:17 – Going big in business<br /> 07:34 – How to recognize an opportunity<br /> 16:00 – Solving problems that people have<br /> 25:26 – Philanthropy<br /> 32:51 – Hope for the new College of Computing at MIT<br /> 37:32 – Unintended consequences of technological innovation<br /> 42:24 – Education systems in China and United States<br /> 50:22 – American AI Initiative<br /> 59:53 – Starting a business is a rough ride<br /> 1:04:26 – Love and family</p>
#95 – Dawn Song: Adversarial Machine Learning and Computer Security

May 12, 2020 2h 13m

<p>Dawn Song is a professor of computer science at UC Berkeley with research interests in security, most recently with a focus on the intersection between computer security and machine learning.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Dawn’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/dawnsongtweets">https://twitter.com/dawnsongtweets</a><br /> Dawn’s Website: <a href="https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dawnsong/">https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dawnsong/</a><br /> Oasis Labs: <a href="https://www.oasislabs.com">https://www.oasislabs.com</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 01:53 – Will software always have security vulnerabilities?<br /> 09:06 – Human are the weakest link in security<br /> 16:50 – Adversarial machine learning<br /> 51:27 – Adversarial attacks on Tesla Autopilot and self-driving cars<br /> 57:33 – Privacy attacks<br /> 1:05:47 – Ownership of data<br /> 1:22:13 – Blockchain and cryptocurrency<br /> 1:32:13 – Program synthesis<br /> 1:44:57 – A journey from physics to computer science<br /> 1:56:03 – US and China<br /> 1:58:19 – Transformative moment<br /> 2:00:02 – Meaning of life</p>
#94 – Ilya Sutskever: Deep Learning

May 8, 2020 1h 38m

<p>Ilya Sutskever is the co-founder of OpenAI, is one of the most cited computer scientist in history with over 165,000 citations, and to me, is one of the most brilliant and insightful minds ever in the field of deep learning. There are very few people in this world who I would rather talk to and brainstorm with about deep learning, intelligence, and life than Ilya, on and off the mic.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Ilya’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/ilyasut">https://twitter.com/ilyasut</a><br /> Ilya’s Website: <a href="https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~ilya/">https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~ilya/</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:23 – AlexNet paper and the ImageNet moment<br /> 08:33 – Cost functions<br /> 13:39 – Recurrent neural networks<br /> 16:19 – Key ideas that led to success of deep learning<br /> 19:57 – What’s harder to solve: language or vision?<br /> 29:35 – We’re massively underestimating deep learning<br /> 36:04 – Deep double descent<br /> 41:20 – Backpropagation<br /> 42:42 – Can neural networks be made to reason?<br /> 50:35 – Long-term memory<br /> 56:37 – Language models<br /> 1:00:35 – GPT-2<br /> 1:07:14 – Active learning<br /> 1:08:52 – Staged release of AI systems<br /> 1:13:41 – How to build AGI?<br /> 1:25:00 – Question to AGI<br /> 1:32:07 – Meaning of life</p>
#93 – Daphne Koller: Biomedicine and Machine Learning

May 5, 2020 1h 13m

<p>Daphne Koller is a professor of computer science at Stanford University, a co-founder of Coursera with Andrew Ng and Founder and CEO of insitro, a company at the intersection of machine learning and biomedicine.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Daphne’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/daphnekoller">https://twitter.com/daphnekoller</a><br /> Daphne’s Website: <a href="https://ai.stanford.edu/users/koller/index.html">https://ai.stanford.edu/users/koller/index.html</a><br /> Insitro: <a href="http://insitro.com">http://insitro.com</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:22 – Will we one day cure all disease?<br /> 06:31 – Longevity<br /> 10:16 – Role of machine learning in treating diseases<br /> 13:05 – A personal journey to medicine<br /> 16:25 – Insitro and disease-in-a-dish models<br /> 33:25 – What diseases can be helped with disease-in-a-dish approaches?<br /> 36:43 – Coursera and education<br /> 49:04 – Advice to people interested in AI<br /> 50:52 – Beautiful idea in deep learning<br /> 55:10 – Uncertainty in AI<br /> 58:29 – AGI and AI safety<br /> 1:06:52 – Are most people good?<br /> 1:09:04 – Meaning of life</p>
#92 – Harry Cliff: Particle Physics and the Large Hadron Collider

Apr 29, 2020 1h 39m

<p>Harry Cliff is a particle physicist at the University of Cambridge working on the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment that specializes in searching for hints of new particles and forces by studying a type of particle called the “beauty quark”, or “b quark”. In this way, he is part of the group of physicists who are searching answers to some of the biggest questions in modern physics. He is also an exceptional communicator of science with some of the clearest and most captivating explanations of basic concepts in particle physics I’ve ever heard.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – ExpressVPN at <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Harry’s Website: <a href="https://www.harrycliff.co.uk/">https://www.harrycliff.co.uk/</a><br /> Harry’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/harryvcliff">https://twitter.com/harryvcliff</a><br /> Beyond the Higgs Lecture: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edvdzh9Pggg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edvdzh9Pggg</a><br /> Harry’s stand-up: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnediKM_Sts">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnediKM_Sts</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:51 – LHC and particle physics<br /> 13:55 – History of particle physics<br /> 38:59 – Higgs particle<br /> 57:55 – Unknowns yet to be discovered<br /> 59:48 – Beauty quarks<br /> 1:07:38 – Matter and antimatter<br /> 1:10:22 – Human side of the Large Hadron Collider<br /> 1:17:27 – Future of large particle colliders<br /> 1:24:09 – Data science with particle physics<br /> 1:27:17 – Science communication<br /> 1:33:36 – Most beautiful idea in physics</p>
#91 – Jack Dorsey: Square, Cryptocurrency, and Artificial Intelligence

Apr 24, 2020 52 min

<p>Jack Dorsey is the co-founder and CEO of Twitter and the founder and CEO of Square.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – MasterClass: <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Jack’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/jack">https://twitter.com/jack</a><br /> Start Small Tracker: <a href="https://bit.ly/2KxdiBL">https://bit.ly/2KxdiBL</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:48 – Engineering at scale<br /> 08:36 – Increasing access to the economy<br /> 13:09 – Machine learning at Square<br /> 15:18 – Future of the digital economy<br /> 17:17 – Cryptocurrency<br /> 25:31 – Artificial intelligence<br /> 27:49 – Her<br /> 29:12 – Exchange with Elon Musk about bots<br /> 32:05 – Concerns about artificial intelligence<br /> 35:40 – Andrew Yang<br /> 40:57 – Eating one meal a day<br /> 45:49 – Mortality<br /> 47:50 – Meaning of life<br /> 48:59 – Simulation</p>
#90 – Dmitry Korkin: Computational Biology of Coronavirus

Apr 22, 2020 2h 10m

<p>Dmitry Korkin is a professor of bioinformatics and computational biology at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, where he specializes in bioinformatics of complex disease, computational genomics, systems biology, and biomedical data analytics. I came across Dmitry’s work when in February his group used the viral genome of the COVID-19 to reconstruct the 3D structure of its major viral proteins and their interactions with human proteins, in effect creating a structural genomics map of the coronavirus and making this data open and available to researchers everywhere. We talked about the biology of COVID-19, SARS, and viruses in general, and how computational methods can help us understand their structure and function in order to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Dmitry’s Website: <a href="http://korkinlab.org/">http://korkinlab.org/</a><br /> Dmitry’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/dmkorkin">https://twitter.com/dmkorkin</a><br /> Dmitry’s Paper that we discuss: <a href="https://bit.ly/3eKghEM">https://bit.ly/3eKghEM</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:33 – Viruses are terrifying and fascinating<br /> 06:02 – How hard is it to engineer a virus?<br /> 10:48 – What makes a virus contagious?<br /> 29:52 – Figuring out the function of a protein<br /> 53:27 – Functional regions of viral proteins<br /> 1:19:09 – Biology of a coronavirus treatment<br /> 1:34:46 – Is a virus alive?<br /> 1:37:05 – Epidemiological modeling<br /> 1:55:27 – Russia<br /> 2:02:31 – Science bobbleheads<br /> 2:06:31 – Meaning of life</p>
#89 – Stephen Wolfram: Cellular Automata, Computation, and Physics

Apr 18, 2020 3h 12m

<p>Stephen Wolfram is a computer scientist, mathematician, and theoretical physicist who is the founder and CEO of Wolfram Research, a company behind Mathematica, Wolfram Alpha, Wolfram Language, and the new Wolfram Physics project. He is the author of several books including A New Kind of Science, which on a personal note was one of the most influential books in my journey in computer science and artificial intelligence.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – ExpressVPN at <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Stephen’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/stephen_wolfram">https://twitter.com/stephen_wolfram</a><br /> Stephen’s Website: <a href="https://www.stephenwolfram.com/">https://www.stephenwolfram.com/</a><br /> Wolfram Research Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/WolframResearch">https://twitter.com/WolframResearch</a><br /> Wolfram Research YouTube: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WolframResearch">https://www.youtube.com/user/WolframResearch</a><br /> Wolfram Research Website: <a href="https://www.wolfram.com/">https://www.wolfram.com/</a><br /> Wolfram Alpha: <a href="https://www.wolframalpha.com/">https://www.wolframalpha.com/</a><br /> A New Kind of Science (book): <a href="https://amzn.to/34JruB2">https://amzn.to/34JruB2</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 04:16 – Communicating with an alien intelligence<br /> 12:11 – Monolith in 2001: A Space Odyssey<br /> 29:06 – What is computation?<br /> 44:54 – Physics emerging from computation<br /> 1:14:10 – Simulation<br /> 1:19:23 – Fundamental theory of physics<br /> 1:28:01 – Richard Feynman<br /> 1:39:57 – Role of ego in science<br /> 1:47:21 – Cellular automata<br /> 2:15:08 – Wolfram language<br /> 2:55:14 – What is intelligence?<br /> 2:57:47 – Consciousness<br /> 3:02:36 – Mortality<br /> 3:05:47 – Meaning of life</p>
#88 – Eric Weinstein: Geometric Unity and the Call for New Ideas, Leaders & Institutions

Apr 13, 2020 2h 47m

<p>Eric Weinstein is a mathematician with a bold and piercing intelligence, unafraid to explore the biggest questions in the universe and shine a light on the darkest corners of our society. He is the host of The Portal podcast, a part of which, he recently released his 2013 Oxford lecture on his theory of Geometric Unity that is at the center of his lifelong efforts in arriving at a theory of everything that unifies the fundamental laws of physics.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Eric’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/EricRWeinstein">https://twitter.com/EricRWeinstein</a><br /> Eric’s YouTube: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/ericweinsteinphd">https://www.youtube.com/ericweinsteinphd</a><br /> The Portal podcast: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-portal/id1469999563">https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-portal/id1469999563</a><br /> Graph, Wall, Tome wiki: <a href="https://theportal.wiki/wiki/Graph,_Wall,_Tome">https://theportal.wiki/wiki/Graph,_Wall,_Tome</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:08 – World War II and the Coronavirus Pandemic<br /> 14:03 – New leaders<br /> 31:18 – Hope for our time<br /> 34:23 – WHO<br /> 44:19 – Geometric unity<br /> 1:38:55 – We need to get off this planet<br /> 1:40:47 – Elon Musk<br /> 1:46:58 – Take Back MIT<br /> 2:15:31 – The time at Harvard<br /> 2:37:01 – The Portal<br /> 2:42:58 – Legacy</p>
#87 – Richard Dawkins: Evolution, Intelligence, Simulation, and Memes

Apr 9, 2020 1h 8m

<p>Richard Dawkins is an evolutionary biologist, and author of The Selfish Gene, The Blind Watchmaker, The God Delusion, The Magic of Reality, The Greatest Show on Earth, and his latest Outgrowing God. He is the originator and popularizer of a lot of fascinating ideas in evolutionary biology and science in general, including funny enough the introduction of the word meme in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which in the context of a gene-centered view of evolution is an exceptionally powerful idea. He is outspoken, bold, and often fearless in his defense of science and reason, and in this way, is one of the most influential thinkers of our time.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Richard’s Website: <a href="https://www.richarddawkins.net/">https://www.richarddawkins.net/</a><br /> Richard’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins">https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins</a><br /> Richard’s Books:<br /> – Selfish Gene: <a href="https://amzn.to/34tpHQy">https://amzn.to/34tpHQy</a><br /> – The Magic of Reality: <a href="https://amzn.to/3c0aqZQ">https://amzn.to/3c0aqZQ</a><br /> – The Blind Watchmaker: <a href="https://amzn.to/2RqV5tH">https://amzn.to/2RqV5tH</a><br /> – The God Delusion: <a href="https://amzn.to/2JPrxlc">https://amzn.to/2JPrxlc</a><br /> – Outgrowing God: <a href="https://amzn.to/3ebFess">https://amzn.to/3ebFess</a><br /> – The Greatest Show on Earth: <a href="https://amzn.to/2Rp2j1h">https://amzn.to/2Rp2j1h</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:31 – Intelligent life in the universe<br /> 05:03 – Engineering intelligence (are there shortcuts?)<br /> 07:06 – Is the evolutionary process efficient?<br /> 10:39 – Human brain and AGI<br /> 15:31 – Memes<br /> 26:37 – Does society need religion?<br /> 33:10 – Conspiracy theories<br /> 39:10 – Where do morals come from in humans?<br /> 46:10 – AI began with the ancient wish to forge the gods<br /> 49:18 – Simulation<br /> 56:58 – Books that influenced you<br /> 1:02:53 – Meaning of life</p>
#86 – David Silver: AlphaGo, AlphaZero, and Deep Reinforcement Learning

Apr 3, 2020 1h 48m

<p>David Silver leads the reinforcement learning research group at DeepMind and was lead researcher on AlphaGo, AlphaZero and co-lead on AlphaStar, and MuZero and lot of important work in reinforcement learning.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – MasterClass: <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Reinforcement learning (book): https://amzn.to/2Jwp5zG</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 04:09 – First program<br /> 11:11 – AlphaGo<br /> 21:42 – Rule of the game of Go<br /> 25:37 – Reinforcement learning: personal journey<br /> 30:15 – What is reinforcement learning?<br /> 43:51 – AlphaGo (continued)<br /> 53:40 – Supervised learning and self play in AlphaGo<br /> 1:06:12 – Lee Sedol retirement from Go play<br /> 1:08:57 – Garry Kasparov<br /> 1:14:10 – Alpha Zero and self play<br /> 1:31:29 – Creativity in AlphaZero<br /> 1:35:21 – AlphaZero applications<br /> 1:37:59 – Reward functions<br /> 1:40:51 – Meaning of life</p>
#85 – Roger Penrose: Physics of Consciousness and the Infinite Universe

Mar 31, 2020 1h 28m

<p>Roger Penrose is physicist, mathematician, and philosopher at University of Oxford. He has made fundamental contributions in many disciplines from the mathematical physics of general relativity and cosmology to the limitations of a computational view of consciousness.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – ExpressVPN at <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Cycles of Time (book): <a href="https://amzn.to/39tXtpp">https://amzn.to/39tXtpp</a><br /> The Emperor’s New Mind (book): <a href="https://amzn.to/2yfeVkD">https://amzn.to/2yfeVkD</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:51 – 2001: A Space Odyssey<br /> 09:43 – Consciousness and computation<br /> 23:45 – What does it mean to “understand”<br /> 31:37 – What’s missing in quantum mechanics?<br /> 40:09 – Whatever consciousness is, it’s not a computation<br /> 44:13 – Source of consciousness in the human brain<br /> 1:02:57 – Infinite cycles of big bangs<br /> 1:22:05 – Most beautiful idea in mathematics</p>
#83 – Nick Bostrom: Simulation and Superintelligence

Mar 26, 2020 1h 57m

<p>Nick Bostrom is a philosopher at University of Oxford and the director of the Future of Humanity Institute. He has worked on fascinating and important ideas in existential risks, simulation hypothesis, human enhancement ethics, and the risks of superintelligent AI systems, including in his book Superintelligence. I can see talking to Nick multiple times on this podcast, many hours each time, but we have to start somewhere.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Nick’s website: <a href="https://nickbostrom.com/">https://nickbostrom.com/</a><br /> Future of Humanity Institute:<br /> – <a href="https://twitter.com/fhioxford">https://twitter.com/fhioxford</a><br /> – <a href="https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/">https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/</a><br /> Books:<br /> – Superintelligence: <a href="https://amzn.to/2JckX83">https://amzn.to/2JckX83</a><br /> Wikipedia:<br /> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis</a><br /> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_indifference">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_indifference</a><br /> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_argument">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_argument</a><br /> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:48 – Simulation hypothesis and simulation argument<br /> 12:17 – Technologically mature civilizations<br /> 15:30 – Case 1: if something kills all possible civilizations<br /> 19:08 – Case 2: if we lose interest in creating simulations<br /> 22:03 – Consciousness<br /> 26:27 – Immersive worlds<br /> 28:50 – Experience machine<br /> 41:10 – Intelligence and consciousness<br /> 48:58 – Weighing probabilities of the simulation argument<br /> 1:01:43 – Elaborating on Joe Rogan conversation<br /> 1:05:53 – Doomsday argument and anthropic reasoning<br /> 1:23:02 – Elon Musk<br /> 1:25:26 – What’s outside the simulation?<br /> 1:29:52 – Superintelligence<br /> 1:47:27 – AGI utopia<br /> 1:52:41 – Meaning of life</p>
#82 – Simon Sinek: Leadership, Hard Work, Optimism and the Infinite Game

Mar 21, 2020 38 min

<p>Simon Sinek is an author of several books including Start With Why, Leaders Eat Last, and his latest The Infinite Game. He is one of the best communicators of what it takes to be a good leader, to inspire, and to build businesses that solve big difficult challenges.</p> <p>Support this podcast by signing up with these sponsors:<br /> – MasterClass: <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a><br /> – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download:<br /> – Cash App (App Store): <a href="https://apple.co/2sPrUHe">https://apple.co/2sPrUHe</a><br /> – Cash App (Google Play): <a href="https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w">https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Simon twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/simonsinek">https://twitter.com/simonsinek</a><br /> Simon facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/simonsinek">https://www.facebook.com/simonsinek</a><br /> Simon website: <a href="https://simonsinek.com/">https://simonsinek.com/</a><br /> Books:<br /> – Infinite Game: <a href="https://amzn.to/2WxBH1i">https://amzn.to/2WxBH1i</a><br /> – Leaders Eat Last: <a href="https://amzn.to/2xf70Ds">https://amzn.to/2xf70Ds</a><br /> – Start with Why: <a href="https://amzn.to/2WxBH1i">https://amzn.to/2WxBH1i</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 0:00 – Introduction<br /> 3:50 – Meaning of life as an infinite game<br /> 10:13 – Optimism<br /> 13:30 – Mortality<br /> 17:52 – Hard work<br /> 26:38 – Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, and leadership</p>
#81 – Anca Dragan: Human-Robot Interaction and Reward Engineering

Mar 19, 2020 1h 39m

<p>Anca Dragan is a professor at Berkeley, working on human-robot interaction — algorithms that look beyond the robot’s function in isolation, and generate robot behavior that accounts for interaction and coordination with human beings.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting the sponsors and using the special code:<br /> – Download Cash App on the <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/cash-app/id711923939">App Store</a> or <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.squareup.cash&hl=en_US">Google Play</a> & use code “LexPodcast” </p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Anca’s Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/ancadianadragan">https://twitter.com/ancadianadragan</a><br /> Anca’s Website: <a href="https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~anca/">https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~anca/</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 02:26 – Interest in robotics<br /> 05:32 – Computer science<br /> 07:32 – Favorite robot<br /> 13:25 – How difficult is human-robot interaction?<br /> 32:01 – HRI application domains<br /> 34:24 – Optimizing the beliefs of humans<br /> 45:59 – Difficulty of driving when humans are involved<br /> 1:05:02 – Semi-autonomous driving<br /> 1:10:39 – How do we specify good rewards?<br /> 1:17:30 – Leaked information from human behavior<br /> 1:21:59 – Three laws of robotics<br /> 1:26:31 – Book recommendation<br /> 1:29:02 – If a doctor gave you 5 years to live…<br /> 1:32:48 – Small act of kindness<br /> 1:34:31 – Meaning of life</p>
#80 – Vitalik Buterin: Ethereum, Cryptocurrency, and the Future of Money

Mar 16, 2020 1h 36m

<p>Vitalik Buterin is co-creator of Ethereum and ether, which is a cryptocurrency that is currently the second-largest digital currency after bitcoin. Ethereum has a lot of interesting technical ideas that are defining the future of blockchain technology, and Vitalik is one of the most brilliant people innovating this space today.</p> <p>Support this podcast by supporting the sponsors with a special code:<br /> – Get ExpressVPN at <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod">https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod</a><br /> – Sign up to MasterClass at <a href="https://masterclass.com/lex">https://masterclass.com/lex</a></p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Vitalik blog: <a href="https://vitalik.ca">https://vitalik.ca</a><br /> Ethereum whitepaper: <a href="http://bit.ly/3cVDTpj">http://bit.ly/3cVDTpj</a><br /> Casper FFG (paper): <a href="http://bit.ly/2U6j7dJ">http://bit.ly/2U6j7dJ</a><br /> Quadratic funding (paper): <a href="http://bit.ly/3aUZ8Wd">http://bit.ly/3aUZ8Wd</a><br /> Bitcoin whitepaper: <a href="https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf">https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf</a><br /> Mastering Ethereum (book): <a href="https://amzn.to/2xEjWmE">https://amzn.to/2xEjWmE</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 04:43 – Satoshi Nakamoto<br /> 08:40 – Anonymity<br /> 11:31 – Open source project leadership<br /> 13:04 – What is money?<br /> 30:02 – Blockchain and cryptocurrency basics<br /> 46:51 – Ethereum<br /> 59:23 – Proof of work<br /> 1:02:12 – Ethereum 2.0<br /> 1:13:09 – Beautiful ideas in Ethereum<br /> 1:16:59 – Future of cryptocurrency<br /> 1:22:06 – Cryptocurrency resources and people to follow<br /> 1:24:28 – Role of governments<br /> 1:27:27 – Meeting Putin<br /> 1:29:41 – Large number of cryptocurrencies<br /> 1:32:49 – Mortality</p>
#79 – Lee Smolin: Quantum Gravity and Einstein’s Unfinished Revolution

Mar 7, 2020 1h 10m

<p>Lee Smolin is a theoretical physicist, co-inventor of loop quantum gravity, and a contributor of many interesting ideas to cosmology, quantum field theory, the foundations of quantum mechanics, theoretical biology, and the philosophy of science. He is the author of several books including one that critiques the state of physics and string theory called The Trouble with Physics, and his latest book, Einstein’s Unfinished Revolution: The Search for What Lies Beyond the Quantum.</p> <p>EPISODE LINKS:<br /> Books mentioned:<br /> – Einstein’s Unfinished Revolution by Lee Smolin: <a href="https://amzn.to/2TsF5c3">https://amzn.to/2TsF5c3</a><br /> – The Trouble With Physics by Lee Smolin: <a href="https://amzn.to/2v1FMzy">https://amzn.to/2v1FMzy</a><br /> – Against Method by Paul Feyerabend: <a href="https://amzn.to/2VOPXCD">https://amzn.to/2VOPXCD</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast.</span> If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ai">https://lexfridman.com/ai</a> or connect with @lexfridman on <a href="https://twitter.com/lexfridman">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman/">LinkedIn</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://medium.com/@lexfridman">Medium</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman">YouTube</a> where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/artificial-intelligence/id1434243584">Apple Podcasts</a>, follow on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0BvDc6GTFvKFPXnkCL">Spotify</a>, or support it on <a href="https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman">Patreon</a>.</p> <p>This episode is presented by Cash App. Download it (<a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/cash-app/id711923939">App Store</a>, <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.squareup.cash&hl=en_US">Google Play</a>), use code “LexPodcast”. </p> <p>Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.</p> <p>OUTLINE:<br /> 00:00 – Introduction<br /> 03:03 – What is real?<br /> 05:03 – Scientific method and scientific progress<br /> 24:57 – Eric Weinstein and radical ideas in science<br /> 29:32 – Quantum mechanics and general relativity<br /> 47:24 – Sean Carroll and many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics<br /> 55:33 – Principles in science<br /> 57:24 – String theory</p>

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