This mechanism shrinks when pulled

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How an unlikely physics paradox controls these counterintuitive structures. Sponsored by Incogni - Use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off. If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter ▀▀▀ A huge thank you to Paul Ducarme and Bas Overvelde at AMOLF for showing us around. Check out their research on counter-snapping structures here - https://ve42.co/CounterSnapping For more on Braess’s Paradox, check out these great videos by Up and Atom (https://youtu.be/cALezV_Fwi0) and Steve Mould (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cg73j3QYRJc) ▀▀▀ 0:00 What happens if you cut this rope? 1:41 The Spring Paradox 4:59 New York’s Perplexing Discovery 6:29 Road Networks and Traffic Flow 8:40 Braess’s Paradox 14:29 Snapping 17:16 This object shrinks when you stretch it ▀▀▀ References: Ducarme, P., Weber, B., Hecke, M. van, & Johannes. (2025). Exotic mechanical properties enabled by countersnapping instabilities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - https://ve42.co/CounterSnapping Braess's Paradox via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/BraessWiki Braess, D., Nagurney, A., & Wakolbinger, T. (2005). On a Paradox of Traffic Planning. Transportation Science - https://ve42.co/Braess2005 Schäfer, B., Pesch, T., Manik, D., Gollenstede, J., Lin, G., Beck, H.-P., … Timme, M. (2022). Understanding Braess’ Paradox in power grids. Nature Communications - https://ve42.co/Schafer2022 Kolata, G. (1990). What if They Closed 42d Street and Nobody Noticed? New York Times - https://ve42.co/Kolata1990 Youn, H., Gastner, M. T., & Jeong, H. (2008). Price of Anarchy in Transportation Networks: Efficiency and Optimality Control. Physical Review Letters - https://ve42.co/Youn2008 Nicolaou, Z. G., & Motter, A. E. (2012). Mechanical metamaterials with negative compressibility transitions. Nature Materials - https://ve42.co/Nicolaou2012 Counter-Snapping replication package - https://ve42.co/CSPackage Images & Video: Earth Day Festivities via VHS Music Rarities - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0awPgHjn2nY Earth Day Speeches - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMDI3kXpeQ8 1990s New York via NYC Nostalgia - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YaFxTw0VqM 42nd Street Closure via Trainluvr - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELde63Fzio 42nd Street Traffic Operator - https://ve42.co/NYCTraffic Dietrich Braess via opc.mfo.de - https://ve42.co/BraessOPC Dietrich Braess via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/BraessWikiPic Belt Buckle via Mingda Hardware - https://ve42.co/BeltBuckle ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Charles Ian Norman Venn, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, JT, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures, and wolfee ▀▀▀ Writers: Gregor Čavlović & Derek Muller Producer & Director: Gregor Čavlović Editors: James Stuart & Trenton Oliver Camera Operators: Sander Mook, Dylan Meanwell, Fabio Albertelli, Casper Mebius & Gregor Čavlović Animator: Fabio Albertelli Illustrator: Jakub Misiek Additional Editor: Peter Nelson & James Horsley Researchers: Darius Garewal & Gabe Strong Thumbnail Designers: Ren Hurley & Ben Powell Production Team: Rob Beasley Spence, Tori Brittain & Matthew Cavanagh Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5. Music from Epidemic Sound