How To Kill A Volcano

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Volcanoes are one of the most powerful forces on Earth; their lava can destroy cities and their ash clouds can blot out the sun. And there is basically nothing we can do to make sure a volcano will never erupt again – except wait for it to die. So while we wait, what is it, exactly, that kills a volcano? LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: - Conduit: A channel or passageway through which magma travels from a magma chamber to the surface. - Hotspot: A location on Earth's surface where molten rock rises from deep within the mantle, creating volcanoes independent of plate boundaries. - Plume: A column of rising, hot air or gas, often associated with volcanic activity or hot spots. SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Director Lizah van der Aart | Storyboard Artist Sarah Berman | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music Special thanks to Dr. Mike Cassidy of the University of Birmingham and Dr. David Kitchen of the University of Richmond MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes Henry Reich • Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Adam Mickiewicz Institute. (2021, May 12). Poland's little-known land of dormant volcanoes. Culture.pl. https://culture.pl/en/article/polands-little-known-land-of-dormant-volcanoes Earle, S. (n.d.). Physical geology. BCcampus Open Education. https://ia801206.us.archive.org/30/items/PhysicalGeology/Physical-Geology.pdf Earle, S. (2019). Physical geology (2nd ed., Chapter 4: Volcanism). BCcampus Open Education. https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeology2ed/wp-content/uploads/sites/298/2019/08/Physical-Geology-2nd-Edition-Chapter-4-Volcanism.pdf Global Volcanism Program. (n.d.). Uturuncu [Volcano profile, No. 355838]. Smithsonian Institution. https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=355838 Melosh, H. J. (2011). Volcanism. In Planetary surface processes (Cambridge Planetary Science, pp. 168–224). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977848.006 Mucek, A. E., et al (2017). Post-supereruption recovery at Toba Caldera. Nature Communications, 8, Article 15248. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15248 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2010, March 1). How did the Hawaiian Islands form? National Ocean Service. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/hawaii.html National Park Service. (n.d.). How the tower formed. Devils Tower National Monument. https://www.nps.gov/deto/learn/nature/tower-formation.htm Ferrante, G., et al (2024). Spatio-temporal evolution of rift volcanism controlled top-down by a deepening graben, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 629, 2024, 118593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118593 U.S. Geological Survey. (n.d.). Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/evolution-hawaiian-volcanoes Uniwersytet Wrocławski. (2024, April 3). The Land of Extinct Volcanoes as a UNESCO World Geopark! https://uwr.edu.pl/en/the-land-of-extinct-volcanoes-as-a-unesco-world-geopark/