Hidden Brain

The Past is Never Dead

<p>How does the culture in which you live shape the life that you lead? We all know that culture affects the languages we speak and the foods we eat. But anthropologist <a href="https://henrich.fas.harvard.edu/" rel="noopener noreferrer">Joseph Henrich</a> says the impact of culture goes even further, reaching into our bodies and our minds. He takes us on a journey through time to show how human cultures create a "collective brain," and how that shared knowledge profoundly shapes who we are and how we live.  </p> <p><i>Hidden Brain is headed back on the road this summer, for the latest leg of our Perceptions tour! Join Shankar as he shares key psychological insights from the first decade of the show. More information on tour stops and tickets can be found at </i><a rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>our tour page</i></a><i>. </i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/evolution-of-light-sources-torch-candle-smartphone-CXITObPc0Us" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Episode illustration by Esma Melike Sezer for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Empathy Gym

<p>Some people are good at putting themselves in another person's shoes. Others may struggle to relate. But psychologist <a href="https://psychology.stanford.edu/people/jamil-zaki" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jamil Zaki</a> argues that empathy isn't a fixed trait. This week, we revisit a favorite episode about how to exercise our empathy muscles. Then, <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=589473" rel="noopener noreferrer">Leslie John</a> answers listener questions about the benefits of opening up to others, in our latest installment of Your Questions Answered.</p> <p><i>Hidden Brain is now on YouTube! Check out our channel and subscribe so you don't miss any of our videos: https://www.youtube.com/@HiddenBrain</i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/empathy-communication-skills-open-mind-emotional-intelligence-concept-reasoning-persuasion-friendly-male-and-female-characters-chatting-communicate-support-cartoon-people-vector-illustration-cfp_01n43WE" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Episode illustration</i></a><i> by Getty Images for Unsplash+</i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Cowboy Philosopher

<p>In 2009, an old man died in a California nursing home. His obituary included not just his given name, but a long list of the pseudonyms he’d been known to use. In this classic 2019 episode, we trace the life of Riley Shepard, a hillbilly musician, writer, small-time con man and, perhaps, a genius. Then, on Your Questions Answered, psychologist <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=589473" rel="noopener noreferrer">Leslie John</a> returns to answer your questions about when to share a secret, and when to keep it to yourself.</p> <p><i>You can find an online version of Riley Shepard's Encyclopedia of Folk Music </i><a href="https://archive.org/details/masterbookofamericanfolksong00shep/01-The%20Master%20Book%20of%20American%20Folk%20Song/" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>here</i></a><i>.  </i></p> <p><i>There's a powerful tool almost all of us overlook when we're trying to improve a work project or help our kids with their homework. Learn more in </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wiMC4zsq8o&t=16s" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>this video on our new YouTube channel!</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Radical Acceptance

<p>Last week, we looked at the hidden beliefs that can leave us feeling stuck in life. This week, in the second part of our conversation with behavioral scientist <a href="https://lifedesignlab.stanford.edu/team" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dave Evans</a>, we talk about radical acceptance. Dave shares why accepting reality as it is can be so difficult — and why it's an essential first step in building a meaningful life. Then, in the latest installment of Your Questions Answered, psychologist <a href="https://psychologyneuroscience.artsandsciences.baylor.edu/person/sarah-schnitker-phd" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sarah Schnitker</a> returns to answer listeners' questions about patience. </p> <p><i>When something terrible happens in your life, are you destined to fall apart? In </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZj73Fu939s" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>our latest YouTube video,</i></a><i> we explore decades of research about how humans respond to grief, loss, and tragedy. Check it out, and subscribe so you don't miss any of our videos!</i></p> <p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/happy-narcissist-girl-looking-at-herself-at-mirror-admiring-her-beautiful-reflection-vector-illustration-for-self-love-proud-admiration-narcissism-concept-05OQp4YNUKg" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Getty Images for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Designing a Life that Matters

<p>We tell ourselves that meaning comes from impact, passion, or finding the “one right path.” But these beliefs can leave us feeling stuck — even when our lives look perfectly fine on paper. Behavioral scientist <a href="https://lifedesignlab.stanford.edu/team" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dave Evans</a> describes a new approach, borrowed from design thinking, to help us build lives that feel more alive, flexible, and real. </p> <p><i>What makes brave people different from the rest of us? It isn't a lack of fear — instead, it's a trait that might surprise you. Learn more in </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJX2H54MPXY&t=2s" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>this video</i></a><i> on our new YouTube channel. </i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/woman-in-front-of-open-doors-and-signs-of-the-way-flat-vector-illustration-business-woman-choosing-the-best-route-choices-and-decision-alternative-ways-of-career-KcLC_NEcP1o" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i><strong>Episode illustration by Getty Images for Unsplash+</strong></i></a><i><strong>.</strong></i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Do You Feel Loved?

<p>What’s the difference between <i>being </i>loved and <i>feeling </i>loved? Psychologist <a href="https://profiles.ucr.edu/app/home/profile/sonja" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sonja Lyubomirsky</a> joins us to discuss the distinction, and how we can create a stronger feeling of closeness in our relationships. Then, in our latest installment of Your Questions Answered, psychologist <a href="https://psychology.stanford.edu/people/greg-walton" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Greg Walton</a> returns to answer listeners’ questions about negative thought spirals.<br><br><i>As individuals and as a society, we often overlook a strategy that can help us to improve our lives. </i><a href="https://youtu.be/3wiMC4zsq8o" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>We discuss this tool</i></a><i> in a new video </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@HiddenBrain" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>on Hidden Brain's YouTube channel</i></a><i>. Please check it out, and let us know what you think!</i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/couple-of-indian-woman-and-black-man-in-side-view-in-front-of-heart-design-relationship-love-and-romance-theme-vector-illustration-SU1KahlGal8" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Episode illustration by Getty Images for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

How to Change the World

<p>Does power truly flow from the barrel of a gun? Pop culture and conventional history often teach us that violence is the most effective way to produce change. But is that common assumption actually true? Political scientist <a href="https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty/erica-chenoweth" rel="noopener noreferrer">Erica Chenoweth</a>, who has studied more than 100 years of revolutions and insurrections, says the answer is counterintuitive. Then, <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=77265" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ranjay Gulati</a> answers listener questions on how to cultivate courage.</p> <p><i>Hidden Brain is </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenbrain" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>now on YouTube</i></a><i>! Check out our first three videos, which explore </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJX2H54MPXY&t=37s" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>how to cope in high-pressure situations</i></a><i>, </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFY96JwLHTQ&t=306s" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>the secret behind artistic masterpieces</i></a><i>, and </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJX2H54MPXY&t=38s" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>an unexpected driver of bravery in our everyday lives</i></a><i>. </i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-group-of-people-holding-up-their-fists-TVUHW7WGDK0" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Illustration by Kuliation for Unsplash+</i></a><i>.</i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Debt Trap

<p>We like to think that good financial decisions come down to discipline and basic math. But the psychology of money turns out to be deeply complicated. Researcher <a href="https://people.wright.edu/john.dinsmore" rel="noopener noreferrer">John Dinsmore</a> explains the hidden mental biases that shape how we think about spending, borrowing, and the future. We explore how these forces can steer us toward costly mistakes — and how to guard against them. Then, on Your Questions Answered, researcher <a href="https://www.darden.virginia.edu/faculty-research/directory/bidhan-l-parmar" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bobby Parmar</a> returns to consider the upsides of embracing uncertainty.</p> <p><i>We're excited to share that Hidden Brain is </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenbrain" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>coming to YouTube</i></a><i>! Check out our trailer and subscribe so you don't miss our first three episodes, coming April 10. </i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-man-carrying-a-large-piece-of-paper-over-his-head-8U7iK4m93yw" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Episode art by Andania Humaira for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

When It&apos;s Okay to Lie

<p>Should you tell a harsh truth if it will only cause pain? Or is it sometimes kinder to keep someone in the dark? Psychologist <a href="https://www.chicagobooth.edu/faculty/directory/l/emma-levine" rel="noopener noreferrer">Emma Levine</a> explores the unwritten rules that guide when people feel it’s acceptable to lie — and what those choices reveal about trust, harm, and our deepest moral values.</p> <p><i>In our companion Hidden Brain+ episode, we explore ways to bridge the gap between the many lies we condone in practice, and the lying we claim to hate. If you're a subscriber, that episode is called “Telling The Truth About Lies.” If you're not yet a Hidden Brain+ subscriber, please visit </i><a href="http://support.hiddenbrain.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>support.hiddenbrain.org</i></a><i> or </i><a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?at=1010l3ab3&ct=hiddenbrain_podcasts&itsct=hiddenbrain_podcasts&itscg=30200S&ls=1" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>apple.co/hidden brain</i></a><i> for a free seven-day trial. </i></p> <p><i>We're excited to share that Hidden Brain is </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenbrain" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>coming to YouTube</i></a><i>! Check out our trailer and subscribe so you don't miss our first three episodes, coming April 10. </i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-hand-holds-a-scale-balancing-lies-and-truth-Zht6Qyjqhus" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Illustration by Masantocreative for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Group Think

<p>How do the groups you identify with shape your sense of self? Do they influence the beer you buy? The way you vote? In this favorite episode from 2021, psychologist <a href="https://as.nyu.edu/content/nyu-as/as/faculty/jay-van-bavel.html" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jay Van Bavel</a> explains how our group loyalties affect us more than we realize, and can even shape our basic senses of sight, taste and smell. Then, look out! There's a g-g-g-ghost! Psychologist <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KW0qAtQAAAAJ&hl=en" rel="noopener noreferrer">Coltan Scrivner</a> answers listener questions about the surprising benefits of scary entertainment.</p> <p><i>We're excited to share that Hidden Brain is </i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenbrain" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>coming to YouTube</i></a><i>! Check out our trailer and subscribe so you don't miss our first three episodes, coming April 10. </i></p> <p><i>Episode illustration by Eva Wahyuni for </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-group-of-people-standing-next-to-each-other-_tc1K9V95og" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Unsplash+</i></a><i>. </i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Rethinking Depression

<p>We tend to see depression as an illness to eliminate, evidence that something has gone wrong in the brain. But what if low mood serves a purpose? Psychologist Jonathan Rottenberg examines the evolutionary roots of depression and reflects on his own painful experience with suicidal despair. He explores how depression can narrow our focus, and sometimes open the door to change.</p> <p><i>A note that this story includes a discussion of suicide. If you or someone you love is struggling with thoughts of suicide, there are people who can help. If you're inside the U.S., call or text 988, or visit the </i><a href="https://988helpline.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>988 Helpline online</i></a><i>. If you’re outside the U.S., you can search for resources in your country </i><a href="https://www.iasp.info/suicidalthoughts/" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>on this site.</i></a></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/sadness-and-depression-are-symbolized-by-a-cloud-xl4p2YarMvI" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Episode illustration by Runend Art for Unsplash</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Yuck! The Science of Disgust

<p>Disgust is a strong emotion, one designed by evolution to protect us from danger and diseases. But disgust also spills into other areas of our lives, influencing our morals, our intuitions about right and wrong, even our politics. We talk with psychologist <a href="https://psychology.cornell.edu/david-pizarro" rel="noopener noreferrer">David Pizarro</a> about how disgust is used to persuade and divide us, and why it remains such a potent force in public life today. Then, in our latest installment of “Your Questions Answered,” Huggy Rao returns to respond to listeners’ thoughts and questions about why big ideas fail.</p> <p><i>There's still time to join Shankar at one of our upcoming stops on Hidden Brain's live tour! Join us in </i><a href="https://www.ensembleartsphilly.org/tickets-and-events/ensemble-arts-philly-presents/hidden-brain-perceptions-tour" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Philadelphia on March 21</i></a><i> or </i><a href="https://www.ticketmaster.com/event/0300635CCCC30F08" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>New York City on March 25.</i></a><i> And stay tuned for more tour dates to be announced soon! </i></p> <p><i>Illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/@alvaromontoro?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Alvaro Montoro</i></a><i> for </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-stinky-trash-can-with-trash-on-the-ground-T71XeLbvLzY?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Unsplash</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Secret of Charisma

<p>Charismatic leaders can inspire devotion and give people a powerful sense of meaning. They can also make us vulnerable. This week, we explore how figures across history have gained followers by offering clarity in moments of uncertainty — and why that clarity can come at a cost. Historian <a href="https://history.unc.edu/person/molly-worthen/" rel="noopener noreferrer">Molly Worthen</a> explains how to recognize the spell of charisma, and why questioning it is essential to a healthy society. Then, on Your Questions Answered, <a href="https://www.uwindsor.ca/people/apl/314/bio-contact" rel="noopener noreferrer">Antonio Pascual-Leone</a> returns to respond to listeners' thoughts and questions about moving on after a breakup.</p> <p><i>Do you have personal stories about being drawn in by a charismatic leader? A question about how we can be swept up in the spell of a mesmerizing person? If you’d be willing to share your question or story with the Hidden Brain audience, please record a voice memo on your phone. Then, email the file to us at feedback@hiddenbrain.org. Use the subject line “charisma.” Thanks! </i></p> <p><i>Our next stops on Hidden Brain's live tour are coming up in just a few weeks! Join Shankar in Philadelphia on March 21 or in New York City on March 25. More info and tickets are at </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>hiddenbrain.org/tour.</i></a></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-man-standing-at-a-podium-with-his-hands-up-49kRD5iSino" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Episode illustration by Imhaf Maulana for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Do You Feel Invisible?

<p>What does it do to a person to feel overlooked? This week, psychologist <a href="https://www.yorku.ca/lamarsh/gord-flett/" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gordon Flett</a> examines how the absence of “mattering” can fuel loneliness, depression, and even violence. He outlines how feeling valued serves as a psychological buffer, and how simple gestures can rebuild a sense of meaning in ourselves and others. Then, in the second half of the show, listeners share their thoughts on finding healing in nature. Psychologist <a href="https://psychology.uchicago.edu/directory/marc-g-berman" rel="noopener noreferrer">Marc Berman</a> returns for the latest installment of our series "Your Questions Answered." </p> <p><i>Today's episode touches on topics related to loneliness, depression, and suicide. If you or someone you love is struggling, there are people who can help. If you're in the U.S., call or text the </i><a href="https://988lifeline.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988</i></a><i>. If you're outside the U.S., </i><a href="https://blog.opencounseling.com/suicide-hotlines/" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>this site</i></a><i> can help you find mental health resources in your country.</i></p> <p><i>Our next stops on Hidden Brain’s live tour are just weeks away! Join Shankar for an evening of science and storytelling in </i><a href="https://www.ensembleartsphilly.org/tickets-and-events/ensemble-arts-philly-presents/hidden-brain-perceptions-tour" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Philadelphia on March 21</i></a><i> or </i><a href="https://www.ticketmaster.com/event/0300635CCCC30F08" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>New York City on March 25</i></a><i>. He’ll be sharing seven key psychological insights from his first decade hosting the show. And stayed tuned for more tour stops to be announced later this spring!</i></p> <p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-man-standing-next-to-a-shadow-of-a-person-uTLDz6nj_ss" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i>Episode illustration by Martino Pietropoli for Unsplash+</i></a><i>.</i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Why You&apos;re Smarter Than You Think

<p>From the time we're schoolchildren, we're ranked and sorted based on how smart we are. But what if our assumptions about intelligence limit our potential? This week, we revisit a favorite 2022 conversation with cognitive scientist <a href="https://scottbarrykaufman.com/bio/">Scott Barry Kaufman</a>, who proposes a more expansive notion of what it means to be "smart." Then, in the latest installment of Your Questions Answered, psychologist <a href="https://www.clarku.edu/faculty/profiles/james-cordova/">James Cordova</a> answers listener questions on accepting our romantic partners as they are.</p><p><i>Our next stops on Hidden Brain’s live tour are just weeks away! Join Shankar for an evening of science and storytelling in </i><a href="https://www.ensembleartsphilly.org/tickets-and-events/ensemble-arts-philly-presents/hidden-brain-perceptions-tour"><i>Philadelphia on March 21</i></a><i> or </i><a href="https://www.ticketmaster.com/event/0300635CCCC30F08"><i>New York City on March 25</i></a><i>. He’ll be sharing seven key psychological insights from his first decade hosting the show. And stayed tuned for more tour stops to be announced later this spring!</i></p><p><i>If you missed our original series with James Cordova, listen to </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/podcast/love-2-0-how-to-fix-your-marriage-part-1/"><i>How to Fix Your Marriage, Part 1</i></a><i> and </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/podcast/love-2-0-how-to-fix-your-marriage-part-2/"><i>How to Fix Your Marriage, Part 2</i></a><i>. </i></p><p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/@ghariza_/illustrations"><i>ghariza mahavira for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Coming Clean

<p>Last week, we talked with psychologist <a href="https://www.lesliekjohn.com/">Leslie John</a> about the costs of keeping secrets. Today, Leslie returns with a look at the psychological power of self-disclosure. She says the moments of oversharing that we often consider "TMI" can actually strengthen our relationships. Then, in the second half of the show, listeners share their thoughts and questions about the expectations we put on modern marriages. Psychologist <a href="https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/academics-research/faculty/finkel_eli/">Eli Finkel</a> returns for the latest installment of our series "Your Questions Answered." </p><p><i>Our next stops on Hidden Brain’s live tour are just weeks away! Join Shankar for an evening of science and storytelling in </i><a href="https://www.ensembleartsphilly.org/tickets-and-events/ensemble-arts-philly-presents/hidden-brain-perceptions-tour"><i>Philadelphia on March 21</i></a><i> or </i><a href="https://www.ticketmaster.com/event/0300635CCCC30F08"><i>New York City on March 25</i></a><i>. He’ll be sharing seven key psychological insights from his first decade hosting the show. And stayed tuned for more tour stops to be announced later this spring!</i></p><p><i>If you missed our original conversation with Eli Finkel, you can </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/podcast/reimaginingourrelationships/"><i>find it here</i></a><i>. And here's where you can check out his podcast, </i><a href="https://www.lovefactuallypod.com/"><i>"Love Factually."</i></a></p><p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-couple-of-men-sitting-next-to-a-fire-RuNlrUdxPB0"><i>Episode illustration by Bekeen Co. for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Keeping Secrets

<p>We all carry secrets, from harmless omissions to life-changing truths. But secrecy isn’t neutral: hiding takes mental work and can harm our health and relationships. In this week’s show, and in our episode next week, psychologist <a href="https://www.lesliekjohn.com/">Leslie John </a>explores the costs of concealment — and how opening up can give us more mental space and deepen our connections.</p><p><i>After you listen to today's episode, check out our Hidden Brain+ conversation called "When to Hide the Truth." In that episode, we talk with Leslie about when and where it may be best to withhold information. If you're not yet a Hidden Brain+ subscriber, you can hear that episode with a free seven-day trial -- just go to </i><a href="support.hiddenbrain.org"><i>support.hiddenbrain.org</i></a><i> or </i><a href="apple.co/hiddenbrain"><i>apple.co/hiddenbrain</i></a><i>. Thanks for listening! </i></p><p><i>Our next stops on Hidden Brain's live tour are coming soon! Join Shankar in Philadelphia on March 21 or New York City on March 25. More info and tickets are at </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>hiddenbrain.org/tour</i></a><i>. </i></p><p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/person-holding-a-mask-inside-a-blue-box-wTPoI1wMvkM"><i>Episode illustration by Dadi Prayoga for Unsplash+</i></a><i>.</i><br /> </p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

You 2.0: Trusting Your Doubt

<p>We conclude our month-long You 2.0 series with a look at the hidden power of doubt — not as weakness or indecision, but as a tool that helps us make better choices and navigate an uncertain world. Researcher <a href="https://www.darden.virginia.edu/faculty-research/directory/bidhan-l-parmar">Bobby Parmar</a> explores how doubt can sharpen judgment, and makes a case for why the ability to sit with uncertainty may be one of the most important skills of all. Then, in our latest installment of "Your Questions Answered," <a href="https://www.asc.upenn.edu/people/faculty/emily-falk-phd">Emily Falk</a> answers listeners' questions about defensiveness, and offers insights into how we can strengthen our ability to give and receive feedback. </p><p>In this episode, you'll learn:</p><p>*Why uncertainty and doubt feel so uncomfortable to our brains. </p><p>*Why intuition can lead us astray, and how to know when doubt can help you make better decisions. </p><p>*How the "pursue," "protect," and "pause and piece together" systems in our brains shape our decision making.</p><p>*How stress can affect these brain systems and alter how we make decisions. </p><p>*How our desire to avoid blame makes it more difficult to listen to our doubt. </p><p>*Why we tend to prefer decisive leaders — and why this tendency doesn't always serve us well. </p><p>*What researchers have learned about how experts and novices use doubt differently to navigate complex situations. </p><p><i>Hidden Brain is coming to Philadelphia and New York City! Join us in March at the latest stops on our live tour. More info and tickets at </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>hiddenbrain.org/tour</i></a></p><p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/man-with-question-mark-and-two-option-for-solving-problem-vector-illustration-cartoon-young-guy-with-dilemma-sitting-at-desk-with-lamp-employee-or-student-making-decision-of-creative-situation-PJVzOyfPAsQ"><i>Getty Images for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

You 2.0: The Practice of Patience

<p>Patience can sometimes feel like a lost art, particularly in a culture that prizes competition and the idea of "failing fast." But psychologist <a href="https://psychologyneuroscience.artsandsciences.baylor.edu/person/sarah-schnitker-phd">Sarah Schnitker</a> says patience is a vital skill for success in both our personal and professional lives. We talk with Sarah about the difference between patience and passivity, and how to train ourselves to be more patient. Then, in our latest installment of "Your Questions Answered," <a href="https://www.babson.edu/about/our-leaders-and-scholars/faculty-and-academic-divisions/faculty-profiles/jennifer-tosti-kharas.php">Jennifer Tosti-Kharas</a> responds to listeners' questions about how to find a calling, and how to set one aside if it's no longer serving you well. </p><p>In this episode, you'll learn:</p><p>*Why our brains dislike uncertainty so much, and how this can lead to impatience and hasty decisions.</p><p>*The three different types of patience that researchers have identified — and how each one can affect your life.</p><p>*How to strengthen your own ability to practice patience. </p><p>*The relationship between purpose and patience.</p><p>*How impatience affects our mental and physical health. </p><p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-traveler-is-disappointed-by-a-canceled-flight-FkOoGsh-R5U"><i>Episode illustration by Gustopo Galang for Unsplash+</i></a></p><p> </p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

You 2.0: How to Get Out of a Rut

<p>There are times in life when the challenges we face feel insurmountable. Authors succumb to writer’s block. Athletes and artists hit a plateau. People of a certain age fall into a midlife crisis. These are all different ways of saying: I’m stuck. This week, in a favorite conversation from 2023, psychologist <a href="https://www.stern.nyu.edu/faculty/bio/adam-alter" target="_blank"><strong>Adam Alter</strong></a> shares his research on why we all get stuck at various points in our lives, and how to break free. Then, psychologist <a href="https://www.tc.columbia.edu/faculty/gab38/">George Bonanno</a> answers your questions about trauma and resilience.</p><p>In this episode, you'll learn:</p><p>*Why the beginning and the end of a project is often more manageable than the midway point.</p><p>*Techniques that can help you to get through the "plateau" phase of a project or goal. </p><p>*How to break down daunting endeavors into smaller, more manageable pieces.</p><p>*Why perfectionism is so destructive to creativity, and how we can avoid this mental trap.</p><p>*Why it's difficult for us to see other people's "stuckness." </p><p>*The relationship between being prolific and being successful. </p><p><i>Hidden Brain is heading back out on the road in 2026! We're coming next to Philadelphia and New York City, with more tour dates across the country to be announced later this spring. More info and tickets at </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>hiddenbrain.org/tour</i></a><i>. </i></p><p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/girl-student-tired-of-remote-work-or-study-vector-illustration-cartoon-frustrated-overworked-exhausted-sleepy-young-woman-sitting-at-table-with-books-and-sleeping-in-home-room-interior-background-CHM9CHRd5yQ"><i>Getty Images for Unsplash+</i></a><i>. </i></p><p> </p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

You 2.0: Cultivating Courage

<p>Why do some people act bravely in a crisis, while others flee or freeze up? Today, we bring you the second part of our You 2.0 series on the mental obstacles that can block us when we're charting a new path. Behavioral scientist <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=77265">Ranjay Gulati</a> argues that courage is a choice, and that we can strengthen the reflexes that will help us to be brave when it matters most. </p><p><i>Once you've listened to this episode, be sure to check out our companion conversation about how you can help the people around you to become more brave. You can hear that episode with a free seven-day trial to Hidden Brain+. To sign up, go to </i><a href="https://patreon.com/HiddenBrain?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_fan&utm_content=copyLink"><i>support.hiddenbrain.org</i></a><i> or </i><a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750"><i>apple.co/hiddenbrain</i></a><i>. Your subscription helps to cover the research, writing, and audio production that go into every episode of Hidden Brain, and we appreciate your support!</i></p><p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-skydiver-jumps-from-an-airplane-BhSLfX9_H0g"><i>Eva Wahyuni for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

You 2.0: Stop Spiraling!

<p>The start of a new year is a natural moment to set goals for ourselves. But doing so can also be a little daunting. Today, we kick off a series designed to help you understand and grapple with the mental obstacles that can keep you from charting a new path. We talk with psychologist <a href="https://psychology.stanford.edu/people/greg-walton" target="_blank">Greg Walton</a>, who studies how our minds get trapped in negative thought spirals — and how we can begin to break free. Then, in the latest installment of our segment "Your Questions Answered," psychologist and neuroscientist <a href="https://gufaculty360.georgetown.edu/s/contact/00336000014RYGZAA4/abigail-a-marsh" target="_blank">Abigail Marsh</a> answers listener questions about the minds of extremely kind and generous people.</p><p><i>If you enjoyed our conversation with Greg Walton, don't miss our companion conversation about the emotional tools we can use to help someone who's spiraling. You can listen to that episode with a free seven-day trial to our podcast subscription, Hidden Brain+. To sign up, go to </i><a href="https://www.patreon.com/HiddenBrain" target="_blank"><i>support.hiddenbrain.org</i></a><i>. Or if you're using an Apple device, you can go to </i><a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?at=1010l3ab3&ct=hiddenbrain_podcasts&itsct=hiddenbrain_podcasts&itscg=30200S&ls=1" target="_blank"><i>apple.co/hiddenbrain</i></a><i>. Thanks, and Happy New Year!</i></p><p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/teenager-depression-problems-depressed-unhappy-boy-sitting-on-floor-with-tangled-thoughts-in-head-kid-character-need-professional-psychological-help-mental-assistance-cartoon-vector-illustration-tHfWuZbgp7E"><i>Episode illustration by Getty Images for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Reset Button

<p> Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that’s all around us. This week, we revisit a favorite conversation with psychologist <a href="https://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/dacher-keltner">Dacher Keltner</a>, who describes what happens when we stop to savor nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. Then, in our segment "Your Questions Answered," <a href="https://rossier.usc.edu/faculty-research/directory/maryhelen-immordinoyang">Mary Helen Immordino-Yang</a> returns to answer listeners' questions about learning and how to keep students engaged in school. </p><p><i>Looking for a last-minute holiday gift for the Hidden Brain fan in your life? How about a membership to our podcast subscription, Hidden Brain+? You can learn more about gift subscriptions at </i><a href="https://www.patreon.com/HiddenBrain/gift"><i>patreon.com/hiddenbrain/gift</i></a><i>. And if you prefer to give the gift of an experience, consider tickets to our live tour! To see where we’re headed in 2026, go to </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>hiddenbrain.org/tour</i></a><i>. Thanks and Happy Holidays! </i></p><p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-person-sits-contemplating-the-sunset-at-the-coast-zYmg7Jnk440"><i>HandRush Supply for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Path to Enough

<p>This week, we bring you the second part of our 2023 conversation on the perils of too much pleasure. Psychiatrist <a href="https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/anna-lembke">Anna Lembke</a> explains the neuroscience behind compulsive consumption. She also shares techniques she’s learned from her patients to overcome the lure of addictive substances and behaviors. Then, Anna responds to your questions and comments on everything from dopamine fasts to kids' use of cell phones in our segment "Your Questions Answered."</p><p><i>If you missed the first part of this episode, </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/podcast/the-paradox-of-pleasure/"><i>listen to it here</i></a><i>.</i></p><p><i>Looking for the perfect holiday gift for the Hidden Brain fan in your life? How about a membership to our podcast subscription, Hidden Brain+? You can learn more about gift subscriptions at </i><a href="https://www.patreon.com/HiddenBrain/gift"><i>patreon.com/hiddenbrain/gift</i></a><i>. If t-shirts, tote bags and mugs are more your thing, you can find all kinds of Hidden Brain swag at our online store -- just go to </i><a href="https://www.podswag.com/collections/hidden-brain"><i>shop.hiddenbrain.org</i></a><i>. And if you prefer to give the gift of an experience, consider tickets to our live tour! To see where we’re headed in 2026, go to </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>hiddenbrain.org/tour</i></a><i>. Thanks and Happy Holidays! </i></p><p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-woman-walking-down-a-road-in-the-desert-m1q2k-4Um9U"><i>Anna Kutukova for Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Paradox of Pleasure

<p>All of us think we know what addiction looks like. It’s the compulsive consumption of drugs, alcohol, or nicotine. But psychiatrist <a href="https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/anna-lembke">Anna Lembke</a> argues that our conception of addiction is far too narrow — and that a broader view might help us to understand why so many people are anxious and depressed. This week, we revisit a 2023 episode that remains of the most popular in the history of our show. We'll explore how and why humans are wired to pursue pleasure, and all the ways the modern world tempts us with addictive substances and behaviors.</p><p><i>Looking for the perfect holiday gift for the Hidden Brain fan in your life? How about a membership to our podcast subscription, Hidden Brain+? You can learn more about gift subscriptions at </i><a href="https://www.patreon.com/HiddenBrain/gift"><i>patreon.com/hiddenbrain/gift</i></a><i>. If t-shirts, tote bags and mugs are more your thing, you can find all kinds of Hidden Brain swag at our online store -- just go to </i><a href="https://www.podswag.com/collections/hidden-brain"><i>shop.hiddenbrain.org</i></a><i>. And if you prefer to give the gift of an experience, consider tickets to our live tour! To see where we’re headed in 2026, go to </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>hiddenbrain.org/tour</i></a><i>. Thanks and Happy Holidays! </i></p><p><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-drawing-of-a-mans-head-with-a-bird-on-top-of-it-nDd8NgYAi04"><i>Episode image by adriandra karuniawan</i></a><i> for Unsplash+</i></p><p> </p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Murder Mystery

<p>Why are so many of us drawn to horror, gore, and true crime? Why do we crane our necks to see the scene of a crash on the highway? Psychologist <a href="https://www.coltanscrivner.com/">Coltan Scrivner</a> says that our natural morbid curiosity serves a purpose. We talk with Coltan about our fascination with tales of murder and mayhem, and what this tendency reveals about our minds.</p><p>In this episode, you'll learn:</p><p>*Why there's often a surge of interest in scary entertainment after a violent or tragic incident in the real world. </p><p>*The potential evolutionary roots of our curiosity about scary events or violent stories.</p><p>*What researchers have found about the impact of scary movies and books on the people who watch them. </p><p>*How horror content can be a vehicle for connecting with other people. </p><p>*What we know about the personality traits of people who are drawn to dark and sinister stories. </p><p><i>If you have a question or personal story related to today's episode that you'd be willing to share with the Hidden Brain audience, please record a voice memo on your phone and email it to us at ideas@hiddenbrain.org. Use the subject line "scary."  </i></p><p><i>Looking for the perfect holiday present for the Hidden Brain fan in your life? We've got you covered. Give your loved one a </i><a href="https://www.patreon.com/HiddenBrain/gift" target="_blank"><i>gift membership to Hidden Brain+</i></a><i>, or visit </i><a href="https://www.podswag.com/collections/hidden-brain" target="_blank"><i><strong>our online shop</strong></i></a><i> for t-shirts, mugs, totes, and more! Here's another idea: grab tickets for one of our upcoming live shows. We'll be in </i><a href="https://www.ensembleartsphilly.org/tickets-and-events/ensemble-arts-philly-presents/hidden-brain-perceptions-tour" target="_blank"><i><strong>Philadelphia</strong></i></a><i> on March 21 and </i><a href="https://www.ticketmaster.com/event/0300635CCCC30F08" target="_blank"><i><strong>New York</strong></i></a><i> on March 25. Thanks and Happy Holidays!</i></p><p><i>This December, Hidden Brain is proud to join #PodsFightPoverty. We're teaming up with other podcasts to raise funds to lift three villages in Rwanda out of extreme poverty. Your donation goes directly to the families who know best what they need. Visit </i><a href="https://www.givedirectly.org/podsfightpoverty/?ref=hiddenbrain"><i>GiveDirectly.org/HiddenBrain</i></a><i> to make a difference for someone who needs it most. </i></p><p><i>Episode image by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/@riswanr_/illustrations"><i>Riswan Ratta</i></a><i> for Unsplash+</i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Parents: Keep Out!

<p>If you’re a parent or a teacher, you’ve probably wondered how to balance play and safety for the kids in your care. You don’t want to put children in danger, but you also don’t want to rob them of the joy of exploration. This week, we revisit a favorite conversation with psychologist <a href="https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/morrissey/departments/psychology-neuroscience/people/affiliated-and-emeritus/peter-gray.html">Peter Gray</a>. We'll talk about why independent play is so important to a child's development, and answer listeners' questions about the role parents, schools, and neighborhoods can play in giving kids more autonomy. </p><p>In this episode, you'll learn: </p><p>*The skills that children develop when they play without parental involvement. </p><p>*Why American culture has shifted away from independence for children in recent decades. </p><p>*The role of independent play in helping children to learn key lessons and thrive developmentally. </p><p>*The simple question that parents can ask their kids to create space for more unstructured play. </p><p>*How to know what's age-appropriate when it comes to independent play.</p><p>*How to foster independent play in your neighborhood or community. </p><p>*What schools can do to encourage unstructured opportunities for kids. </p><p><i>Episode photo by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/@aisiriiyengar?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText"><i>Aisiri Iyengar</i></a><i> on </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/a-couple-of-people-that-are-on-a-slide-4EiiadAHoc8?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText"><i>Unsplash</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

The Power of Family Stories

<p>There’s a tradition around many Thanksgiving dinner tables that’s as consistent as pumpkin pie: the family stories that get told year after year. Sometimes these stories are funny; sometimes they make us roll our eyes. No matter how we feel about them, we rarely pause to consider how these stories shape who we are and how we view the world. This week, we revisit a favorite 2024 conversation about family storytelling with psychologist <a href="https://www.robynfivush.com/">Robyn Fivush</a>. Then, in a new installment of "Your Questions Answered," <a href="https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/profiles/massimo-pigliucci?srsltid=AfmBOoreO8DgKhZN3FES6A3y5jZ7O4uX03hmHmnCi_GcF6RjkK2VoRE9">Massimo Pigliucci</a> answers listener questions about Stoicism, and why this ancient philosophy continues to resonate today.</p><p><i>The </i><a href="https://www.ticketmaster.com/event/0900629799E03824"><i>Los Angeles stop</i></a><i> on our live tour is almost here! Join Shankar November 22 as he shares seven key psychological insights from the show's first decade. And we're excited to share new dates for 2026. We'll be in Philadelphia on March 21 and New York City on March 25. More info and tickets here: </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/</i></a></p><p><i>Episode illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/@pffpics"><i>Anna Kutukova</i></a><i> for Unsplash+ </i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

Why Following Your Dreams Isn&apos;t Enough

<p>Entrepreneurs typically have no shortage of passion, heart, and vision. But at Stanford University, <a href="https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/hayagreeva-rao" target="_blank">Huggy Rao</a> says there are other elements that may matter more when it comes to whether their projects succeed or fail. This week, we'll examine how this problem shapes not just individual lives, but organizations and businesses, and even public policy. Then, in the latest installment of "Your Questions Answered,"  <a href="https://sociology.stanford.edu/people/robb-willer">sociologist Robb Willer</a> answers listener questions about how to navigate political differences with the people in your life. </p><p><i>The </i><a href="https://www.ticketmaster.com/event/0900629799E03824"><i>Los Angeles stop</i></a><i> on our live tour is almost here! Join Shankar November 22 as he shares seven key psychological insights from the show's first decade. And we're excited to share new dates for 2026. We'll be in Philadelphia on March 21 and New York City on March 25. More info and tickets here: </i><a href="https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/"><i>https://www.hiddenbrain.org/tour/</i></a></p><p><i>Episode art courtesy of Graphicook Studio for Unsplash.com. </i></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>

How Nature Heals Us

<p>We've known intuitively for centuries that spending time in nature can give us a boost. But it’s only recently that scientists have begun to identify exactly what it is about the outdoors that has such a powerful effect on our mood and our minds. This week, psychologist <a href="https://voices.uchicago.edu/bermanlab/berman/">Marc Berman</a> explores how spending time in nature can actually undo some of the harmful effects of our modern lives.</p><p><i>Do you have follow-up questions, comments, or stories about nature's effect on the mind after listening to this episode? If you'd be comfortable sharing your thoughts with the Hidden Brain audience, please record a voice memo on your phone and email it to us at </i><a href="mailto:ideas@hiddenbrain.org" target="_blank"><i>ideas@hiddenbrain.org</i></a><i>. Use the subject line nature. Thanks!  </i></p><p><i>Illustration by </i><a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/a-man-with-a-backpack-walking-through-a-jungle-vM1Z7fG0LVo"><i>Swati B on Unsplash+</i></a></p><br/> <p>Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See <a href="https://pcm.adswizz.com">pcm.adswizz.com</a> for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.</p>