The Teen Steroid Epidemic Explained - Dr. Chris Raynor

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Dr. Chris Raynor is an orthopedic surgeon, sports medicine specialist, and owner of an intergrated healthcare facility and movement centre Human 2.0. He is the creator of the highly educational/entertaining youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/@UCJNgMVaiBmD2W701dALL9Iw In this video we explore steroids - How they work, why they're increasing in popularity, and how they change the body. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR THE INFO IN THIS VIDEO: Bjørnebekk, Astrid, et al. “Long-Term Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Use Is Associated with Deviant Brain Aging.” Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, vol. 6, no. 5, May 2021, pp. 579–589, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.01.001. Christoffersen, Thea, et al. “Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and the Risk of Imprisonment.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 203, Oct. 2019, pp. 92–97, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871619302364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.041. Dowshen, Steven. “Are Steroids Worth the Risk? (for Teens) - KidsHealth.” Kidshealth.org, 2017, kidshealth.org/en/teens/steroids.html. Ganson, K. T., Hallward, L., Cunningham, M. L., Rodgers, R. F., Murray, S. B., & Nagata, J. M. (2023). Muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults. Body Image, 44, 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.01.001 Goldman, Anna L, et al. “The Health Threat Posed by the Hidden Epidemic of Anabolic Steroid Use and Body Image Disorders among Young Men.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 104, no. 4, 17 Sept. 2018, pp. 1069–1074, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01706. Hildebrandt, Tom, et al. “The Influence of Age of Onset and Acute Anabolic Steroid Exposure on Cognitive Performance, Impulsivity, and Aggression in Men.” Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, vol. 28, no. 4, 1 Dec. 2014, pp. 1096–1104, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237679/, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036482. Kanayama, Gen, and Harrison G. Pope. “History and Epidemiology of Anabolic Androgens in Athletes and Non-Athletes.” Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol. 464, no. 28245998, Mar. 2018, pp. 4–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.039. Magnolini, Raphael, et al. “Fake Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on the Black Market – a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Qualitative and Quantitative Analytical Results Found within the Literature.” BMC Public Health, vol. 22, no. 1, 17 July 2022, pp. 1–15, eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=16&sid=4558fd41-18d6-45de-aecc-3ae41da0f53a%40redis, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13734-4. “Muscle Dysmorphia: One in 10 Men in Gyms Believed to Have “Bigorexia.”” BBC News, 21 Sept. 2015, www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-34307044. National Institute on Drug Abuse. “Anabolic Steroids and Other Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs).” National Institute on Drug Abuse, May 2023, nida.nih.gov/research-topics/anabolic-steroids. Piatkowski, T., Vigorous, S., Cox, L., & McVeigh, J. (2024). “You Could Try This Compound, but it Might Send You nuts”: How Steroid Suppliers Perceive the Underground Market and Their ‘Hybrid’ Role within It. Deviant Behavior, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2024.2375014 Reyes-Vallejo, L. “Current Use and Abuse of Anabolic Steroids.” Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition), vol. 44, no. 5, June 2020, pp. 309–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.10.007. Sanad AlShareef, et al. “Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder.” Nih.gov, StatPearls Publishing, 20 June 2023, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538174/#. Watters, Sarah, and Agnes Higgins. “Muscle Dysmorphia: An Under-Recognised Aspect of Body Dissatisfaction in Men.” British Journal of Nursing, vol. 33, no. 12, 20 June 2024, pp. 584–588, https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.0176. “Why Is Steroid Use Rising among Male Bodybuilders?” BBC, 10 Apr. 2022, www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-60765050. Zaiser. “The Relationship between Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use and Body Image, Eating Behavior, and Physical Activity by Gender: A Systematic Review.” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 163, 2024, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38879097/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105772.